The Differences Between The And The Method Of The...

4.5 EBLUP In our model (1.1), Z_i b Ì‚_i reflects the difference between the predicted responses in the i-th subjects and the population average. Thus, b Ì‚ verse subject indices can be used for identifying the outlying subjects. To assess the sensitiveness of subjects to the homogeneity of the covariance matrices of the random effects, Nobre and Singer develop the method of influence methods from Cook (1986). The idea is to put some weights to the var(b), i.e. var(b) = WG and then calculate |dmax|, which is the normalized eigenvector associated with the direction of largest normal curvature of the influence graph under a perturbation of the covariance matrix of the random effects (for detail, see appendix or Cook (1986)). First, we need†¦show more content†¦ÃŽ ¸_j ) V^(-1) (y-XÃŽ ²) +(y-XÃŽ ²)^T V^(-1) (∂^2 V)/(∂Î ¸_k ∂Î ¸_j ) V^(-1) (y-XÃŽ ²) -(y-XÃŽ ²)^T V^(-1) ∂V/(∂Î ¸_j ) V^(-1) ∂V/(∂Î ¸_k ) V^(-1) (y-XÃŽ ²) +tr(V^(-1) ∂V/(∂Î ¸_k ) V^(-1) ∂V/(∂Î ¸_j ))-tr(V^(-1) (∂^2 V)/(∂Î ¸_k ∂Î ¸_j ))} = 1/2{-(y-XÃŽ ²)^T V^(-1) ∂V/(∂Î ¸_k ) V^(-1) ∂V/(∂Î ¸_j ) V^(-1) (y-XÃŽ ²) -(y-XÃŽ ²)^T V^(-1) ∂V/(∂Î ¸_j ) V^(-1) ∂V/(∂Î ¸_k ) V^(-1) (y-XÃŽ ²) +tr(V^(-1) ∂V/(∂Î ¸_k ) V^(-1) ∂V/(∂Î ¸_j ))} as (∂^2 V)/(∂Î ¸_k ∂Î ¸_j ) = 0 k, j = 1, †¦, q ∂V/(∂Î ¸_i ) = [ââ€"  (ZWGZ^TÃŽ ¸_i=ã€â€"ÏÆ'^2ã€â€"_subject@IÃŽ ¸_i=ÏÆ'^2 )] The next step is to find the second derivative of l(ÃŽ ¸|W) with respect to w and ÃŽ ¸ evaluated at evaluated at ÃŽ ¸ = ÃŽ ¸ Ì‚ and w = w0: (∂^2 l(ÃŽ ¸|w))/(∂w_j ∂Î ¸_i ) = 1/2{-(y-XÃŽ ²)^T ã€â€"V_wã€â€"^(-1) (∂V_w)/(∂w_j ) ã€â€"V_wã€â€"^(-1) (∂V_w)/(∂Î ¸_i ) V^(-1) (y-XÃŽ ²) +(y-XÃŽ ²)^T ã€â€"V_wã€â€"^(-1) (∂V_w)/(∂w_j ∂Î ¸_i ) ã€â€"V_wã€â€"^(-1) (y-XÃŽ ²) -(y-XÃŽ ²)^T ã€â€"V_wã€â€"^(-1) (∂V_w)/(∂Î ¸_i ) ã€â€"V_wã€â€"^(-1) (∂V_w)/(∂w_j ) ã€â€"V_wã€â€"^(-1) (y-XÃŽ ²) +tr(ã€â€"V_wã€â€"^(-1) (∂V_w)/(∂w_j ) ã€â€"V_wã€â€"^(-1) (∂V_w)/(∂Î ¸_i ))-tr(ã€â€"V_wã€â€"^(-1) (∂V_w)/(∂w_j ∂Î ¸_i ))} evaluated at ÃŽ ¸ = ÃŽ ¸ Ì‚ and w = w0 = I, i = 1, †¦, q, j = 1, †¦, q (∂V_w)/(∂Î ¸_i ) = [ââ€"  (ZWGZ^TÃŽ ¸_i=ã€â€"ÏÆ'^2ã€â€"_subject@IÃŽ ¸_i=ÏÆ'^2 )] (∂V_w)/(∂w_j ∂Î ¸_i ) = ∂/(∂w_j ) [ââ€"  (ZWGZ^Tã€â€"ÏÆ'^2ã€â€"_subject@IÏÆ'^2 )] = [ââ€"  (Z ∂W/∂w GZ^T0@00)] (∂V_w)/(∂w_j ) = [ââ€"  (0†¦0@â‹ ®1_(j,j)â‹ ®@0†¦0)] Finally, we can calculate F ̈_i and get the largest absolute eigenvalue, |dmax| for every subject i: F ̈_i = (∂V_w)/(∂w_j ∂Î ¸_i )*(∂^2 l(ÃŽ ¸))/(∂Î ¸_k ∂Î ¸_j )*(∂V_w)/(∂w_j ∂Î ¸_i ) |dmax| = The largest absolute eigenvalue of F ̈_i for i-th subject Plotting |dmax| verse

Analysis OfThe Road Not Taken, By Robert Frost - 1011 Words

Robert Frost, a renowned American poet, is regarded as one of the most influential and successful poets of the twentieth century. Frost’s popularity is derived most notably from the colloquial, descriptive language he uses in his poems and the impactful themes he portrays throughout them. The popularity of Frost’s poems also emerges from the interest that is sparked by his ability to â€Å"fool† the reader and hide the true meaning behind his words. One of the most acknowledged of Frost’s poems is â€Å"The Road Not Taken†, which exemplifies his colloquial language and establishment of a complex theme; without Frost’s use of diction and tone throughout the work, the poem would not have nearly the same impression on the reader. Most importantly,†¦show more content†¦Most importantly, preceding the conclusion of the poem, Frost writes, â€Å"I shall be telling this with a sigh / Somewhere ages and ages hence† (Frost lines 16-17) . These lines produce the idea that Frost anticipates his future insincerity when discussing his choice between the roads, establishing his theme of self-deception and self-assurance when evaluating past decisions and choices in life. Through Frost’s description of the roads and his prediction of his future explanation of his decision, he produces the actual meaning behind the poem and his tone of sarcasm, which is often overlooked by readers. Notably, Frost uses colloquial language and descriptive imagery to establish a more impactful meaning and tone. Frost’s colloquial language creates, on the surface, a simple and easy-to-understand piece of literature, which may spark the interest of a larger, more varied audience. The colloquial language also creates a sense of reality for the reader, and this feeling of realness strengthens the theme of choices in the lives of ordinary people. Frost’s description of the paths allows for the reader to envision the scene of the poem and strengthens the meaning behind the work. Particularly, Frost writes, â€Å"I shall be telling this with a sigh† (Frost line 16). This line exemplifies his use of imagery to convey the tone of sarcasm and irony in his future description of the decision he has made. Frost’s colloquialShow MoreRelatedStrategic Human Resource Management View.Pdf Uploaded Successfully133347 Words   |  534 PagesVIEW Strategic Human Resource Management Taken from: Strategic Human Resource Management, Second Edition by Charles R. Greer Copyright  © 2001, 1995 by Prentice-Hall, Inc. A Pearson Education Company Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 Compilation Copyright  © 2003 by Pearson Custom Publishing All rights reserved. This copyright covers material written expressly for this volume by the editor/s as well as the compilation itself. 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Market Analysis and Strategy for Corporate Events - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theMarket Analysis and Strategy for Corporate Events. Answer: To begin with, the analysis and creation of a budget, which helps the organizers to understand the cost that they will incur in the process of establishing the event are of paramount importance. The other important section of consideration in this process is the section of assessing and analyzing the market and the strategy of the event. This analysis is appropriate because it helps to determine the target market of the individuals who are targeted to attend the event and the consideration of the necessities that this group of people might have, in order to address those necessities prior to the day when the event takes place. The strategy of the event also helps in guiding how the event preparation process will take place. This section of the paper provides a clear market analysis for the event and the events strategy (Allen, 2009). The Market of the Event As explained earlier, the Rhyme and Reason Music festival event is a music festival event which is being organized in Australia, suitable for all ages. The main purpose of the event is to maintain the culture, appreciate art and contribute towards charity. The first important aspect to consider with regard to its target market is that the event is organized being an all age event. This aspect makes the event suitable and appropriate for all individuals interested thus increasing the targeted market significantly. Music and culture are two major aspects that people in Australia values. When music shows and events are held, a large number of people make the decision to attend those events, even when they are considered to be suitable for a certain age group. Since the event is being held in Melbourne Exhibition Centre in Australia, people from Australia will provide the largest market share. Research on other similar themed events that have taken place in the region reveals that people from Australia are friendly and willing to attend events that involve music and art (Bowdin, 2011). Research about the previous events helps to determine the willingness of the targeted audience to attend the event, an aspect that can help in the estimation of the expected population to attend from the available market of the region. The other important aspect of consideration when analyzing the market is any form of competition that might attract the targeted customers and cause them not to attend the event. Being an event that will not take place on a daily basis, and one that will only take place for a few days in a year, it is highly unlikely to have any significant competitor. This aspect is however determined by any other event that is similar in any way, which might be taking place on the same dates as this event. From the dates set for the event, however, there is no major event that is scheduled to take place in the region and thus for that reason, competition is significantly low. The other major aspect that will influence the market is the content that will be presented by the show. The event is intended to have a large number of individuals in attendance, who will increase the contributions for charity and help in supporting all the other agendas in place. It includes hologram performers of legendary artists that are well known by the majority of the targeted market audience. With this regard, therefore, many people are likely to be attracted in attending this event. The hologram performers have the ability to attract even more people from international settings. This aspect increases the individuals that will attend the event and completely expands the market area. With this regard, therefore, the market of the event consists of a large number of people, who are all willing to contribute significantly in order to attend the event and view its provisions (Wendroff, 2004). Event Strategy Strategy refers to a major plan that is intended to help in achieving certain goals and targets. In order to fully understand the plan that the events organizing team has established, therefore, it is appropriate to understand the goals that the plan is intended to meet. The first goal is to raise funds for charity. Since the event is non-profit, its gains are intended to make contributions to charity programs within the country. This goal can be achieved by ensuring that the event attains a lot of gains. The second goal is ensuring that the event promotes both music and art. Art and music are significantly important aspects of the Australian culture. This goal can be met by ensuring that both art and music comprises of the central themes of the event. The third goal that the event aims to uphold is the recognition of aspects regarding creativity. Both music and art creation are based on creativity. The event is has a goal of helping in the recognition of individuals that are highly creative in these activities (Robinson, Wale, Dickson, 2010). With these goals in place, the events strategy is to utilize a plan that will help in accomplishing each one of these among other goals that have been established. Within the plan of operation, people of the target market are to be invited to the event where they are all required to participate in its proceedings. Their contribution will help in raising funds which will manage to achieve the charity goal. Inviting a large number of individuals and ensuring that they attend the event will help the event to achieve this goal effectively. The invitation of artists from different parts of the world to attend and perform in the event helps to promote music and also contributes towards the promotion of their creativity in both music and art. The utilization of the hologram performers of the legendary artists that are no longer arrive helps to promote music and makes the event unique. This aspect will help in increasing the number of individuals that are highly willing to attend the event. Each one of these goals is significantly important for the organization to achieve. The utilization of this strategy will help the event to manage to achieve these goals effectively (Friedmann, 2003). References Allen, J. 2009.Event planning : the ultimate guide to successful meetings, corporate events, fund-raising galas, conferences, conventions, incentives and other special events. Mississauga, Ont: J. Wiley Sons Canada. Bowdin, G. 2011.Events management. Oxford, U.K. Burlington, Mass: Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann. Friedmann, S. 2003.Meeting event planning for dummies. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. Robinson, P., Wale, D. Dickson, G. 2010.Events management. Wallingford, Oxfordshire Cambridge, MA: CABI. Wendroff, A. 2004.Special events : proven strategies for nonprofit fundraising. Hoboken, N.J: John Wiley Sons.

Summer Of 42 Essay Example For Students

Summer Of 42 Essay he book A Farewell to Arms, written by Ernest Hemingway, is a classic about the love story of a nurse and a war ridden soldier. The story starts as Frederick Henry is serving in the Italian Army. He meets his future love in the hospital that he gets put in for various reasons. I thought that A Farewell to Arms was a good book because of the symbolism, the exciting plot, and the constant moving of the main character. The symbolism in A Farewell to Arms is very much apparent. Ernest Hemingway has always been one who is big on the symbolism of night as being bad. To the main character in Hemingways novels, nights have always been a sign of death, or something negative to happen. Another one of the symbolisms in A Farewell to Arms is when Henry tries to escape from the Italian army by jumping off one of the ships the army was traveling on and running away from the army. This symbolism was the water that he jumped into was a symbolism of the new, clean life that he was going to live from now on. At this time, Henry goes off and finds his wife to be. We will write a custom essay on Summer Of 42 specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The plot in A Farewell to Arms was always active. They were never staying in one place too long. It had a very good story line, which was a love story that ended up in a tragedy. The main characters wife got pregnant and she was off to have her baby when problems started occurring. They had to have a caesarean, and the baby dies, and when the mother of the child starts to hemorrhage Henry knows that it was over for his wife and he was right. From the beginning of the book until the end, the action was up. Ever since the front page Henry was traveling around to different towns so it was not boring for the reader. That made it very interesting for the reader because it was always a new town coming up so they were being introduced in the new characters quite often. As the story goes on, the reader is not introducing as many new people, but they are still traveling around quite a bit. Hemingway has a way with arranging the plots of all his stories. They all have that right timing to them. He always introduces only people that will affect the story, he does not introduce someone who will be in the scene for five minutes and then leave. I felt that the authors planning on putting this noveltogether was very good. Ernest Hemingway has always been one of the worlds best known classic writers. His style and technique of symbolism is much different than others. He uses then in very strong ways that you the reader does not always pick up. I am sure that I missed some of the symbolism that went on in the book. I picked up a few though and they were very interesting. I recommend this to anyone who is interested in a love story that does not get too intimateEnglish

The Golden Thread Essay Example

The Golden Thread Essay A Tale of Two Cities is separated into three different books, Book one: Recalled to Life and Book two: The Golden Thread and Book three: The Track of a Storm, Which is one of the things that i like about the book. The first part of the book is explaining the era in which the novel takes place, England and France in 1775. The age is marked by competing and contradictory attitudesщہ"It was the best of times, it was the worst of times. I like that the Dickens wants the reader to understand what is going on in the time period in which the story is told so we can understand the story better. Anoter reason why I like A Tale of Two Cities is how the story was told in 3rd person point of view. He switching his focus between cities and among several characters. The narrator is also omniscient, not only revealing the thoughts, emotions, and motives of the characters, but also supplying historical context to the events that occur, commenting confidently upon them. The narrator doesnt make the story so boring. The final reason why i liked A Tale of Two Cities is its not your typical heroic rebellion of a wronged people who bring peace to their society, but a bloodthirsty revolution of a desperate, starved peasantry. We will write a custom essay sample on The Golden Thread specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Golden Thread specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Golden Thread specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer It wasnt just some made up story either. It was based upon a time period in which things where bad in France and England and Charles Dickens shows you that through this novel. Even though i did like some things in this book there where things about the book in which i did not like. For example how detailed the novel was. It was just too wordy for me. I like a novel that explains whats going on but not to the extent that Dickens does. He gives you just a little to much to grasp all at one time and at points in the book it is really hard to understand the what he is trying to tell. Another reason why I dislike the novel is some of the characters, for example I think Lucie Manette is a pathetic character. She adds a stereotype into the novel, being that women are weak and are unable to handle hard situations. She is too perfect and almost reaches the point of annoyance. One of the other reasons why I dislike the novel is the old style writting. I am a reader that has to be able to relate to the characters and the story line and if I cant. I dont stay interested for long and it makes the story boring for me. It has to have something I can understand what the characters are going through to make me want to read more. Even though i did like some things in this book the things I disliked out number the things I did. I wouldnt recomend this story to anybody enless you wanted to learn about France and England during the 1775 time period. The novel is just way too long and wouldnt keep intrest to many people. As i already told you i just couldnt relate to the story and the characters. I think Dickens spends way to much time describing unimportant details and events. I also didnt like that there were two page long sentences it was just to hard to grasp.

531 Week Two Team Reflection Essays

LDR/531 Week Two Team Reflection Essays LDR/531 Week Two Team Reflection Essay LDR/531 Week Two Team Reflection Essay Team CSherron Hester-Bello, Mark Diaz, Jason Morrow,Hadrain Sumpter, David Wademan Week 2 Reflection This week proved to provide a strong foundation for the understanding and the fundamental development of leadership as it pertains to each of us individually. The objectives were clearly outlined and we were all able to effectively compare and contrast leadership theories as well as evaluate the characteristics of established leadership styles. This week was very informative, and an emphasis on the basic structure of leadership was established. We were all able to use real life examples to retain a strong grasp on the key concepts. Insert body and individual assessments as necessary here:This week it was very intriguing to learn about the different leadership theories and characteristics of different leadership styles. One of the styles of leadership that stood out was the charismatic leadership style. Charisma is more likely to be attributed to a leader who acts in an unconventional way to achieve a vision (Yukl, 2013). People view leaders as charismatic that achieve goals that seem unreachable. They have trust in these leaders because of the self confidence they attain, and the strong belief in the visions #they may have. Leaders are more likely to be viewed as charismatic if they make self-sacrifices for the benefit of followers, and they take personal risks to incur high costs to achieve the vision they espose (Yukl, 2013). It was very interesting to read how people view leaders, and the characteristics these leaders have to gain followers and make people believe in their visions and commit to them the way they do. We also have learned on what it takes to be a leader and have leadership qualities. Is a person born as a leader or can then become a leader with training and mentoring. Many question and theories was introduced this week. Most possess the same traits of becoming a leader. One definitions of a trait of having

The Trail of Your Blood in the Snow Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Trail of Your Blood in the Snow - Essay Example This research tells that one of Marquez seminal short story collections is Strange Pilgrims. While this collection contains an array of stories, one of the most indelible is ‘The Trail of Your Blood in the Snow’. This essay examines this story in terms of Marquez’s authorial techniques. One prominent consideration is Marquez’s implementation of syntax and diction. While authors such as Ernest Hemingway heralded a minimalist writing style, Marquez implements complex sentence structures. In the opening segment of the story, Marquez writes, â€Å"The Civil Guardsman, a rough wool blanket covering his patent-leather tricorn hat, examined their passports in the light of a carbide lantern as he struggled to keep his footing in the fierce wind blowing out of the Pyrenees†. This sentence is indicative of the richly-textured and descriptive sentences that are thematic throughout the story. While Marquez at-times contrasts these sentences with short and choppy statements, this remains the most dominant form of diction. Throughout the story, Marquez implements a number of notable literary elements. One such technique is the use of metaphor. In one instance, Marquez writes, â€Å"her adolescent dream pierced for the first time by lightning flashes of uncertainty†. In this instance lightning functions as a metaphor on the uncertainty that had suddenly overtaken Nena Daconte. In another instance, Marquez makes use of symbolism in the form of a saxophone. Throughout the story, Nena Daconte is characterized as having been a proficient tenor saxophone player. This character description is repeated in a number of instances and woven into the fabric of the text such that it becomes symbolic of her sexual prowess. Still, perhaps the most prominent authorial technique implemented in the story is the use of allegory. During the story, Nena pricks her finger and must enter a hospital. Billy Sanchez must then face the absurd levels of hyper-rat ionality and bureaucracy in the hospital. In this way, Marquez implements the hospital as an allegorical comment on bureaucratic structures. Eventually, Nena dies and because of this hyper-rationality, Billy is unable to be there or even be discovered.

Engineering manager doing research and analysis Coursework

Engineering manager doing research and analysis - Coursework Example This will need conscious effort from the student but is very effective. Practices like switching to eco-friendly bulbs, switching off electrical appliances when not in use, use of eco-friendly alternatives in everyday life contribute to the conversation of energy. Also use of recyclable and reusable products are advised as this reduces the waste that goes into the environment. Products that cannot be reused must be boycotted on the campus by the students. Students must get actively involved making their campus greener ad eco-friendly. Plants can be grown on the rooftops of dorm and apartment buildings. Waste reduction and management will also help to keep the campus clean and greener. Conscious effort in commuting can also be an effective go green initiative. Riding bikes, using mass transport options, alternative vehicles and energy, etc will reduce the stress that transport puts on the environment. Video conferencing can be used as an effective tool for communication in the campus and wherever possible. Use of paper must be reduced and softcopies of documents must be used as an alternative to printouts. These practices as a whole will help reducing overall carbon footprint of the student body. Introduction With global warming reaching alarming figures, it has now become a major global concern. There is a need for immediate action in order to curb global warming and reduce its effects on the environment. The governments, organizations, companies, institutions worldwide have woken up to the fact that there needs to take measures sooner than later to fight global warming. Going green or eco-friendly is now the most important social responsibility. This report is a recommendation plan to the University of Greenwich on various green strategies that it can adopt to enable students studying in the university to go green. Various green strategies and practices have been analysed. There are numerous green strategies such as water and electricity conservation, acquisit ion of alternate fuel vehicles for communication inside the campus, recycling, water preservation, green building, green power, waste diversion, reduction of emission of green house gases, green space and ecosystems.etc. But in this report only those strategies are suggested that will enable the students studying in the University to go green. Practice Energy Conservation This is the most simple of solutions and the one that is most difficult and neglected. Students must try to conserve energy wherever possible. Use less energy wherever possible. Switch the old fashioned light bulbs to latest one which saves energy. Use alternate energy wherever possible. Small steps like switching off your computers, lights and other electric equipment when not in use when practiced by a large number of people, in this case students, make a huge difference. Even setting the computer in sleep mode when not in use can save a lot of energy. Products that have eco-friendly alternative must be purchased even if it would be a little costlier as it will pay off in a long run (Swallow, 2009). For example, energy start products contribute to the cause. Items that are not being used such as appliances, cell phone chargers must be unplugged. Even though they are not being used, they draw electricity from the outlets (Carnegie Mellon, 2012). All students must be introduced to the various ways on conserving energy on a day-to-day basis and must

IT in Architectural Competition Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

IT in Architectural Competition - Article Example IT can be used only as a tool and nothing more in the context of architectural competitions. One is not suggesting that sophisticated computers and software programmes can replace the invaluable experience, intuition, and feel of experienced professionals. Professional experience when combined with the amazing computing power and versatile graphic imagery that IT enables, can bring the process of evaluation to a higher level. Qualitative aspects of the architectural parameters pose tough challenges and to the best of my knowledge, there are no programmes that can fully replace human judgment. Competition works are evaluated from aesthetic and functional angles, such as spatial composition, cityscape values, and sensation. Judges are using words like spatial cognition, texture vividness, light, shadow, sensation, habitability, and pleasantness. The element of personal feelings as an aspect of the quality of a work is evident from these descriptions. IT enables enhancement of a judge’s feel for a work and hence it is reasonable to propose that IT be used as a tool for the judicial process and as a return medium for a competition. Objectivity aspects of presentations are important and discussed separately. On the other hand, quantitative aspects, by definition, are quantifiable and IT can be a good tool here too. Buildings can be evaluated in terms of codes, energy performance, sustainability etc. Once mandatory codes have been met, evaluating for sustainability essentially looks at a building holistically in terms of energy and resource use. These aspects are quantifiable easily and objectivity of judgment is retained while evaluating them. A judgment is supposed to be based on the information made available. However, it has been the experience for a very long time that the information provided to facilitate judgment lacks objectivity and this has resulted in restrictions being imposed on some kind of information.

The Meaning Of National Security Politics Essay

The Meaning Of National Security Politics Essay The development of the concept of security in the global scenario is being influenced by the changes in environment. This could be clearly seen in the changes of the nature of security during the world war and the post cold war era. In post cold war era, the emergence of new civil conflicts, large-scale atrocities and even genocide are in incremental rate. As globalization takes shape in the post cold war era, it is strongly believe that it will drag along significant increment in violent crimes, drug trades, transnational terrorism, diseases, environmental degradation and many other aspects of human life. These contemporary security concerns couples with the enduring problems of ethnic violence and inter-state conflicts are now at the forefront of potential and existing threats. 3.2 CONCEPTUAL MEANING OF SECURITY Security according to Barry Buzan is an under-developed concept (Hawkesworth and Kogan, Vol.2  [46]  ). Its status as a controversial political value and its habitual misuse as a rationale for state policies and actions, imply that the concept lacks of the intrinsic meaning. Buzan (1991) explains that one of the reasons behind the slow conceptual development of security can be attributed to the fact that the concept defies simple definition  [47]  . Another is that power dominates security in the realist school, which has been preeminent in international relations theory. Security has always been interpreted as the natural consequence of effective accumulation and exertion of power. Security is intrinsically a relational concept. In an objective sense, it measures the absence of threats to acquired values. In a subjective sense, security measures the absence of fear that such values will be attacked  [48]  . Lexical definitions of being secure refer to being safe against attack, impregnable, reliable à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦, on the contrary, and to being untroubled by danger or apprehension on the other  [49]  . This definition points to the relational (subjective) nature of the concept of security. One should note that the objective physical condition favorable to ones secure existence has meaning only when set against the capabilities and intentions of possible adversaries. This also suggests that there can be no absolute definition of security. 3.3 THE MEANING OF NATIONAL SECURITY The broadening of the scope of security in the context of the nation-state is a controversial issue. As mentioned, there are scholars who were against the move to broaden the scope and meaning of national security for fear of destroying the analytical utility of the concept. Richard Ullman who initially supported the call to widen the scope of security eventually contradicted his initial proposition and is now engaged in a discourse with the proponents of a broader scope of security. According to Ullman (1995), If national security encompasses all serious and urgent threats to a nation state and its citizens, we will eventually find ourselves using a different term when we wish to make clear that our subject is the threats that might be posed by the military force of other states  [50]  . In the same article, he said that the war problem in security is conceptually distinct from other concerns like environmental degradation or urban violence, which are better categorized as threats to well-being. The problem of defining national security springs from the fact that the meaning of security itself is ambiguous. More importantly, if one uses the state as the referent, as the term national security suggests, he will then encounter the problem of who defines national interests or set the national security agenda of the state. Some scholars define security or national security as the protection and enhancement of values that the authoritative decision makers deem vital for the survival and well-being of the community  [51]  . However, this definition of security carries with it the problems that were discussed in the previous section. Although it is true that the regime aggregates the interests of the people, to define security or national security along this line or def ine security from perspective of the regime is unwarranted. If one agrees that the regime is both a source of threats and a producer of insecurity, then the concept must not be defined only from this perspective. The values that the authoritative decision makers seek to protect and enhance, which are deemed necessary for the well-being of the community, often do not constitute the national security or interests of the state. Hence, they are better labeled as the national security agenda. National security is a condition open to the assessment and evaluation of both the regime and the people. Whether or not the national security agenda represents the states national interests is another case in point. The definition of national security interest is relative to the one defining it. On the other hand, the national security agenda can be defined objectively and easily inferred from the national security policies of the government. National Security is better defined as the condition wherein the peoples way of life and institutions, their territorial integrity and sovereignty including their well-being are protected and enhanced  [52]  . This definition captures the essence of the state as composed of the people and the regime. It talks about two concerns, that of the peoples interest (well being) and that of the regime (sovereignty). 3.4 PILLARS OF NATIONAL SECURITY National Security rests on several pillars: social cohesion and solidarity, economic prosperity and stability, political unity and stability. Genuine security cannot be achieved if any of these pillars are absent  [53]  . The degree of security, which a country enjoys, depends ultimately on the strength of the pillars of national security. A country cannot be secure when one of its national security pillars is tenuous. These three pillars of security are interrelated and mutually reinforcing. Therefore, they must be built simultaneously. The responsibility of building these pillars rest on the people and the government/regime. The government leads the people while the people provide support to the government. By analogy, the government serves as the equipment or machinery for building the pillars while the people serve as the laborers, who use the equipment in building the foundations of national security. Social Cohesion and Stability Peaceful and harmonious co-existence among the people, regardless of social and cultural differences, is a foundation of national security  [54]  . This is achieved when people observe mutual respect for their values and beliefs. People must also offer cooperation and mutual support. Social cohesion allows consensus building necessary for effective decision-making. With social cohesion, the choices, decisions, and the consequent actions that government undertakes based on the concerns of the people become effective and persist despite challenges from the outside. Social cohesion embraces concepts such as moral spiritual consensus and cultural cohesiveness. Economic Prosperity and Stability Economic prosperity enhances the well being of the people. Without economic prosperity, the aspirations of the people to live a decent life cannot be attained. It is only when the country enjoys economic prosperity that people can live with dignity. It is a key element in augmenting national power, prestige, and influence. The development and sustenance of diplomatic and military power heavily depends on this. Economic prosperity embraces concepts such as ecological balance and sustainable development  [55]  . Political Unity and Stability Political unity means that there is cooperation among the different branches of government. It exists when those who exercise legitimate authority and political power act in concert toward the attainment common goals. When the political leadership is divided, the people are caught in a quandary as to which among those who exercise legitimate authority and political power should they support  [56]  . This puts the people in a dilemma where they have reservations and doubts on the policies and actions that the government undertakes. Public support is therefore essential to the governments success in meeting security challenges. The social, economic, and political aspects are permanent elements of national security foundations. The customs, traditions, laws, policies shall determine their respective status and quality, and strategies adopted by the government. The three pillars shall be created and shall operate within the context of the prevailing politico-legal organizing ideology of the state. It should be noted that no single pillar could guarantee security on its own. 3.5 THE DNYAMICS OF THE FOUNDATIONS OF NATIONAL SECURITY The pillars of national security are interrelated and mutually reinforcing. Social cohesion affects economic prosperity and stability. Social divisions and strife (e.g., sectoral or ethno-linguistic conflicts) could retard the nations economic development activities. For instance, policy disagreements between the government and the private sector could eventually affect the welfare of the people and the nations income. Economic prosperity or the level of development of the nations economy and the peoples sense of security has a positive correlation. Citizens of developed countries certainly feel more secure than those of underdeveloped countries. Economic development and prosperity are perhaps the ultimate objective a nation seeks to achieve. Economic development affects social cohesion  [57]  . When there is only a small pie available to be divided for the people, equal distribution will create a situation where each of the recipients get a small piece not sufficient for his nee ds. However, unequal distribution will leave others with little or no piece at all. Both situations leave the people dissatisfied. From Indonesias experience, economic instability can undermine the legitimacy of the regime. Barely ten months after the July 2, 1997 financial crisis hit Thailand, the regime of President Suharto was toppled. Although Indonesia is a relatively rich country in terms of natural resources and has achieved a relatively high economic growth prior the financial crisis, economic instability made the Suharto regime unpopular, which led to its demise  [58]  . Economic growth, once attained, does not automatically translate and ensure security. When the fruits of economic growth are not equitably distributed within domestic society, the threat of social unrest remains. Inequity or the rising inequality in the distribution of economic gains creates social divisions that could lead to violence and social anarchy. Political unity refers to a united leadership. Unity among the political leaders from the different branches of government facilitates fast and effective implementation of policies and programs, which are requisites of a secure nation. It allows government to take firm and decisive steps in addressing the different challenges that the nation faces. It also facilitates the quick delivery of services needed by the people. Each of the pillars of national security has to be stable and solid. Social cohesion, economic prosperity, and political unity if not stable and solid will not lead to genuine security. Thus, once these pillars have been built, they have to be maintained, protected, and enhanced. These are the basic responsibilities of a state. 3.6 BUILDING THE FOUNDATIONS OF NATIONAL SECURITY The different pillars of national security are not intrinsic to every nation. They have to be built. The responsibility of building the foundations of national security ultimately rests on the people as its ultimate beneficiary, and the duly constituted government, which shall exercise authority delegated to it by the people  [59]  . The regime shall lead the people towards the attainment of national security by formulating appropriate policies and strategies, and laws conducive to the enhancement and protection of national security interests. The people on the other hand, shall support the government in its security engagements. The government, through the different agencies and instrumentalities, has the responsibility of formulating appropriate policies, as well as strategies, which will pave way to the realization of the aspirations of the people. 3.7 DIPLOMACY AND MILITARY Security is a condition or state of affairs, which can be created or attained using the different political instruments such as diplomacy and military. In the literature, three conventional instruments of national power have been identified: economic, politico-diplomatic, and military instruments  [60]  . The economic instrument refers to the use of economic rewards and/or penalties to influence the policies of government leaders or states. This is done through Aid, Trade Preference Status, Trade Embargo, etc. The diplomatic instrument consists of the activities of a countrys diplomats to convince another party or state to comply with the desired policy preferences of the former. The military instrument refers to the outright use or employment of force to get states to comply with the desired policies. In this framework, the instruments of national power include only diplomacy and military. Economic strength is not included in the list. The economic aspect or the level of economic development is identified as a foundation and not as an instrument for the pursuit of national security interests and objectives. The reason being is that economic strength, as an instrument, finds expression in diplomacy (economic punishment or rewards) and a sophisticated military. Japan and the US are both economically prosperous countries, yet their abilities to influence the policies of other states differ. Diplomacy is commonly understood as belonging only to the realm of foreign relations. This is understandable since, in most cases, diplomacy finds its utility in the conduct of international relations. Under this framework, diplomacy is broadly defined as a means to shape the security environment by influencing policies and/or behavior of political actors, state and non-state actors alike, through an act of persuasion  [61]  . This definition extends to actors in the domestic arena and is not limited to international relations. This broader definition of diplomacy does not mean that all acts of persuasion are diplomatic acts. Diplomacy applies only to political entities or groups  [62]  . Interstate diplomacy and intrastate diplomacy have the same purpose and utility. The only difference between the two is that in the interstate diplomacy parties involve has mutual acknowledgement of their sovereignties while the opposite is true in the intrastate diplomacy. Example is the peace engagement the Philippine government had with the MNLF and the current peace engagement of the government with the MILF. Diplomacy in international relations is an act of one sovereign nation to influence the behaviors or policies of another sovereign nation by means of persuasion. Diplomacy is defined as such a process because one state (object of persuasion) is not subject to the laws the other (persuading state)  [63]  . Thus, the former cannot be compelled to behave according to the latters desire. In most cases, persuasion is a function of economic punishment or reward. Thus, effective diplomacy must be back up by economic rewards or economic punishment. This is one reason why the economic aspect is treated as foundation and not as instrument. Military instrument, like diplomacy is a function of economic development. Governments capability to acquire sophisticated military arsenal and build a strong and capable armed force depends on the countrys economic status. The modernization of the nations armed force requires the backing of its economic and technological forces, and the modernization level of national defense can only be improved gradually along with the enhancement of the countrys economic strength. Further, a capable armed force complements diplomacy. Often, when one carries a big stick, there is little room for discussion. The effectiveness of military and diplomatic instruments depends heavily on the states economic status. The question of when, how, and against whom these instruments will be used is a matter of choice of the people, as articulated by the government. Political unity and social cohesion, therefore, affects the manner, timing, and the object of the political instruments. The strength and effectiveness of the instruments depends on the strength and stability of the foundations of national security. 3.8 NATIONAL SECURITY INSTRUMENTS AND NATIONAL SECURITY FOUNDATION The elements of national power include social, politico-diplomatic, economic, and military aspects. Accordingly, national unity (consisting of social cohesion and political unity and solidarity), economic solidarity and strength, diplomatic and military strength and capability of the state are all identified in the literature as instruments, which the state may use in pursuing its national security objectives or interests  [64]  . Thus it is deems necessary to separate social cohesion, political unity, solidarity, and economic strength from the list of instruments. Although all of these are instrumental in the states successes or failures in pursuing national interests, it is important that they be distinguished, based on the functions they support. One reason is that the social, political, and economic aspects of security are often developed over a long period. Little can be done, at least in the short run, when the states reserves of raw materials, socio-political structure, and other initiatives require the formulation of a range of policy instruments that are not normally available. This distinction between the foundations and instruments of national security is perhaps best explained by the words of Malaysian Prime Minister Mahathir Mohammad when he defined security as follows, Security is not just a matter of military capability. National security is inseparable from political stability, economic success, and social harmony. Without these all the guns in the world cannot prevent a country from being overcome by its enemies, whose ambitions can sometimes be fulfilled without firing a single shot  [65]  . Political, economy and social stabilities are thus, contributors and essentials to achieve security. 3.9 SUMMARY In summary, in the literature, the people and the state are the only identified two distinct referents of security. This divide between the people and state is unwarranted. As it is, the people are an essential element of the state and that there are two organic/living components of the state: government and the people. The regime exercises authority over the people according to the political-legal ideology adopted by the state. However, there is an analytical utility in distinguishing the regime from the state. The usual equation of the regime with the state makes analysis difficult and the conclusions based on this analysis are often contestable. Sometimes, identified threats to state security are actually threats not to the state but only to the regime. Similarly, the interest of the regime is not equivalent to the interest of the state and the latters interests may in fact serve as threats to the security of the people. National interests composed of the peoples and the regimes interests shall be the responsibility of the state (people and government)  [66]  . In the realm of international relations, the state shall be the key actor (state is represented by the government). Although he acknowledges the existence of non-state groupings (i.e., multi-national companies and non-government organizations), he believes that the government remains the final arbiter on the demands of these groupings. The interests of these groups shall be included in the aggregation process and shall be included in the security agenda of the state.

Animal Testing Essay -- essays research papers

Biology and Behavior Animal testing is not a problem in today’s society because it is beneficial to humans. It seems unethical to put animals through such pain and torture, but if we stopped it completely there would be a large amount of human lives lost. How could this be? The further advancements in medical and technological science is inevitable. Therefore, if the testing must be done to learn more about the brain and body, which species (animals or man) seems expendable for such testing. The real question is which species is more ethical to test on. For example, a rat is given an injection with a drug and watched regularly for the period of a month. At the end of the month the rat is injected with a lethal toxin and dissected for scientific reasons. The purpose of the experiment is to determine whether or not the regular use of the drug would have any type of an effect on the brain of the rat. In contrast there is a man age 23 that has consented to be used for the same experiment. It not only would be unethical but against the law to try an experiment of this nature on a man. The end result would be the death of a perfectly healthy human. Which circumstance now seems unethical? One could also take in to consideration that the human’s death could have an impact on his family as well as the people that knew him. Above all the question of whether or not animal testing is ethical or not, really boils down to the purpose of the testing and whether or not it is a legitimate cause. Every man and woman has benefited from animal testing in one form or another. Most of what we know about the brain and body is a direct result of animal testing. Only in recent history have there been advancements in technology in both the fields of medicine, and science that have made it possible to see in side the human body. Unfortunately this still is not enough. The testing must be done on a living organism. Depending on the type and purpose of the test, the organism (man or animal) must be observed carefully and monitored for changes in behavior, health, and in some cases life or death. There are unpredictable reactions that occur in the body of living organisms when an alienable substance enters the blood stream. That is why animal testing is necessary. For instance, a computer can not determine whether or not a certain prototype vaccine will have a beneficial or cata... ...ake and convulse on the floor, the last thing left to do is throw his body in a burning fire, and go pick the next runner up for the experiment. Obviously, no matter how this is viewed it is murder. Even though animal testing is said to be beneficial to humans, many times the animals are used for other purposes. According to an online article posted by a company known as the Nature of Wellness, "Horrifying chemical, biological, and nuclear weapons, possessed by an ever-increasing number of countries are tested on animals the same way a drug, detergent, or toothpaste is tested on animals. Conventional weapons of all sorts are also tested in vivisectionist laboratories, where animals are routinely used as surrogates for man in warlike situations" ("Animal Experimentation: No Lie Can Live Forever." 1996). With such a misuse of the terrible act of animal testing, just goes to show that something must be done. There is no way to guarantee the safety and proper test ing of the animals in a way that only is beneficial to mankind. There will always be someone out there trying to scheme up a crazy invention or harmful agent, and the only thing that suffers is the animals

Garbage and Recycling

One of the most pressing environmental issues facing the contemporary society is the issue of garbage. As much as the global population continues to rise, people have become more wasteful and the products of modern convenience such as plastics have rendered the earth a dumping ground for non biodegradable refuse. This problem crosses all international boaders and touches of all the world people. Although some specialists argue that recycling is not good and beneficial from an economic perspective, some people believe it will reduces the need for new landfills, creates job, saves energy, and conserves resources. Increasing in Population results an increase in waste which requires finding and buying more landfills to bury the increasing amount waste, and this is becoming a very serious problem in many areas around the world. The question is how can government find a place for the huge quantities of material where does not affect humans health. Every Canadian knows that Toronto has world-class garbage problems. A growing number of Torontonians feel uncomfortable about shipping garbage to distant landfill sites. Until 2010, our trash will continue to be shipped to Michigan, and then it will be dumped at a newly purchased landfill site near London, Ontario (News at U of T). But within the next four or five years, the city needs to choose more alternate method for dealing with residual wastes. Diseases from poisonous gases and micro-organisms in the air near garbage dumps and poisoning by polluted underground water and soil may result in serious health problems too. The UN Development Programme (UNDP) estimates that more than five million people die each year from diseases related to inadequate waste disposal systems. Therefore, Landfills are not seen as attractive additions to the neighborhood. Neighborhoods are concerned about not only health hazards but also noises, increased traffic, lowered property values, toxic gases and effluents, and all these problems mean for the government spending more money to overcome such problems, but recycling seems to be the only solution. Recycling can reduce some of these costs, and communities can even make money by selling certain recyclable materials (Lopez). Many people think that landfills and incinerators are more cost- ffective than recycling, but it is not true. Statistics show that when recycling programs are designed properly, they save at least as much money as landfills an incinerators would. A large percentage of waste that is brought to the landfills can be recycled or reused. By paying close attention to what we are putting in our garbage cans and recycling materials whenever possible we can increase the stream of goods produced by recycling rather than using up precious space and money in landfills. Recycling not only cut down our litter it can add to our growing economy by saving energy. Energy savings can be seen when most materials are recycled. One example of valuable energy savings is the recycling of aluminum cans. It takes 95 percent less energy to recycle an aluminum can than it does to make a new can from bauxite ore (denver). Plastic bags made from recycled polythene rather than virgin materials save two thirds of the energy required for production and reduce the water used by almost 90% , or recycling a single glass bottle can save enough energy to light a 100-watt light bulb for 4 hours (Thrope). According to the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, in 2000, recycling resulted in an annual energy savings of at least 660 trillion BTUs, which equals the amount of energy used in 6 million households annually (Denver). Companies that make new products from recycled material use 30 percent less energy. That's because they don't have to process the raw materials from scratch. For example, a company in Cedar Rapids, Iowa, called Cedar River Paper makes cardboard boxes by recycling paper products from all over the Midwest. If Cedar River Paper didn’t use recycled materials, they'd use up a lot of a trees – and a lot of energy to cut them down, transport them hundreds of miles and grind them into paper pulp (Rinaldi). http://www. alliantenergykids. com/stellent2/groups/public/documents/pub/phk_ee_001509. hcsp Recycling generates significant economic benefits by creating jobs for communities. In fact, the Office of the Federal Environmental Executive estimates that recycling and remanufacturing industries account for approximately one million manufacturing jobs and more than $100 billion in revenue. As a matter in fact, the drive for efficient handling and use of recycled materials spurs innovation which is a key to long-term economic growth. Recycling is a very important step in slowing down and eventually stopping wasting of earth's natural resources. In other words, The less we concentrate on recycling, the more we will rely on use natural resources which will results in depletion of the world’s natural resources and the increase of garbage mass. By reusing materials and re-manufacturing them into new products we are reducing the amount of virgin natural resources that we need to use. . For example, for every ton of recycled paper that we use we can save 17 trees (denver),but unfortunately, paper and its derived products such as carton are now being recycled successfully everyday. Can you imagine that 44 million newspapers are thrown away every day in the United States. This is like throwing 500 000 trees into a landfill each week. The loss of natural resources affects animals too. Our landfills are taking over animal’s habitats and causing many species to become endangered. For example, Animals like black footed ferrets and prairie dogs are in danger of becoming extinct (Baron). We should think broadly because recycling has a large impact in our economy over the past few decades. Although recycling of wastes entail large hidden costs in collecting, sorting, and manufacturing, it can solve issues concerning landfills. When we recycle our waste products rather than throw them all in the garbage we save room in landfills. Recycling plants also create many more jobs than people would think. Recycling activities around the country promote community development while reducing the need for new landfills, preventing pollution, saving energy, and preserving natural resources. The economic value of clean air, water and land is significant, but difficult to quantify. Since recycling plays an important role in protecting these natural resources it must be attributed an economic value in this context, as well (Rinaldi).

buy custom Dolls House essay

buy custom Dolls House essay Introduction This is a three act play written by Henrik Ibsen a Norwegian playwright. The play was written in December 1879 and later that month its first public performance was done at the Royal theatre in Copenhagen, Denmark (Ibsen, p.47). Upon the plays publication sharp controversies emerged and the play was by far criticized by the then marriage norms. Some however are of the view that the theme of the play is not at all about women rights but instead gives people a golden opportunity to find out how they really are and strive becoming a better persons (Krutch, p.54). Act one The act starts with some form of excitement. Nora returns home from Christmas shopping and the husband meets her from the study room for chitchat. With joy they have a chat on how their financial status will change given that Torvald has secured a new job as the bank manager. Torvald speaks of how horrible his debts make him feel. Later thereafter a childless widow and Noras friend is moving back to the city having been left by the husband without any money. She has tried a couple of different jobs and hopes she can land herself on a less strenuous job (Hornby, p.72). At this point Nora reveals to Christine that she had brought some money from a scandalous lawyer Nils Krogstad to save her sick husband. All along Nora had claimed that she had borrowed the money from the father who died almost at the same time. She takes bride from the fact that she has been repaying the loan from her housekeeping savings and a job of copying papers that she does secretly in her room. She says, as if a were a man referring to her ability to repay debt (Ibsen, p.63). Christine secures a job at the bank as a secretary thanks to Noras efforts to convince the husband that she desperately needs a job. Krogstan worried that he will get fired, heads to Nora request her to help him get out of the mess. However Nora remains non committal and Krogstan warns of using all at his disposal to fight for his job. It is at this instant that he points out that he knows that she committed forgery on the bond she acquired with the father being the signatory, although the father had died three days ago. The law required that a woman needed a male adult as a co-signer on such matters. Act two Christine helps Nora to fix a dress for a costume party they are to attend with the husband the following day. The two ldies plead with Torvald to reinstate the lawyer back to his job at the bank with Nora claiming that she fears that Krogstad may publish slanderous articles about him and ruin Torvald career. He would hear none of these and although he agrees that he is a reformed man he is bitter of the fact that Krogstad is not respectful enough to him in front of his fellow workers (Ibsen, p.71). He then leaves to the study room. Dr. Rank gets in and reveals to Nora that he is suffering from spinal tuberculosis that is at its fatal stage. The second revelation is even more disturbing to Nora as he claims that he is in love with her. Nora convinces him that she loves him very much as a friend and nothing more (Hornby, p.72). Having been fired krogstad declares that he is no longer interest with the balance, but he will use the bond to blackmail Torvald. He has two objectives in doing so; first to make sure that reinstated and secondly, that he get a promotion. Nora explains her efforts of trying to persuade the husband but these falls on the deaf ears of Krogstad. Krogstad has since written a letter to Torvald and placed it in his locked mail box (Ibsen, p.107). A series of events happen with Nora making all efforts to make sure that the husband does not access the mails. But more interestingly she contemplates taking her life to save her husband the shame. Act three Christine who was Krogstad lover before she got married had promised Nora that she would help in her predicament. Christine tells Krogstad that she only married the husband to support her sick mother. Krogstad moved by this revelation offers her a second chance. He as well decides to take the back from Torvald. The truth must come out for the sake of saving Noras marriage and therefore decide to let Torvald know the truth (Trnqvist, p.72). Torvald is to later get the letter. Furious Torvald rebukes her wife, describing her as being immoral dishonest and unable to rise the children. He accepts that Krogstad is in control and must get what he wants. He reveals that from then their marriage will but only be a matter of convenience. Krogstad returns the incriminating evidence and admit that he laments his deeds. From the happenings Nora realizes who her husband really is. Though he apologizes Nora insists that she want to leave and get time to soul search and find out how she really is and what she want to do with her life (Hornby, p.85). Nora says she comes first as herself and her role as a mother and a wife are thus secondaary. She must go, as she has been treated as a play doll by the two men she valued most, the father and husband. Themes The sacrificial role of women In this play to what extend women can sacrifice in order to save their families cannot come clearer than it has be portrayed. Christine abandons her true but poor love to marry a rich man in order to save her motherand her two brothers. The Nora caretaker had abandoned her child to support herself by working as a nanny (Ibsen, p.89). Nora though seemed as the rich woman in the plays settings makes major sacrifices for her family. First she commits a forgery to save the husbands life. Secondly, she works secretly to repay this loan. Her sacrifice is even clearer in tightening the household budget in order to save for the debt repayment. Parental and filial obligations Three people are portrayed to uphold this theme i.e. Dr. Rank, Torvald and Nora hey believe that parents should be not only honest but also upstanding as immorality is inherited by the children (Ibsen, p.104). A perfect example is that of Rank. Due to his father reckless behavior he suffers from venereal disease. Characters From a general overview, the female characters appear to be by far much strong than their male counterparts. First it is Christine who sacrifices to save her family she as well convinces her former lover to drop the revenge thoughts he has for Torvald. Nora on the other hand sacrifices for her husband and she can be credited for saving his life (Trnqvist, p.68). She is strong and sticks to her decision to leave though unpopular to the majority. The males are weak. At the onset Torvald can not appreciate his wife sacrifice for the family he is more worried about his reputation more than anything else. It takes a woman to overturn Krogstad firm decision of dealing with Torvald. Dr.Rank dies of a disease he inherited from the father (Ibsen, p.95). Critic of the play argue that the play does not give due regard to the marriage institution which by then was the most holy of all covenants. Nora abandoning of her family is no taken in good light. Critics also see the essence of the play as being that of dishonoring men at the expense of woman. In conclusion, play is a good tool in expressing the power of a woman and showing how far she can go to save situation that warrant saving. Buy custom Dolls House essay

The Great Gatsby Questions for Study and Discussion

'The Great Gatsby' Questions for Study and Discussion The Great Gatsby is the most famous novel by F. Scott Fitzgerald. The story is a symbolic portrayal of the decline of the American Dream. Its an accurate portrayal of the Jazz age cemented him as a fixture in literary history. Fitzgerald is a master storyteller and layers his novels with themes and symbolism. Here are a few questions to get your next book club started with. Study Questions for The Great Gatsby What is important about the title of The Great Gatsby?  Which adaptations of the novel have you seen? What did you think of them?What are the conflicts in The Great Gatsby? What types of conflict (physical, moral, intellectual, or emotional) are in this novel? Are they resolved?Why is Gatsby unable to put the past behind him? Why does he demand Daisy renounce her former love for her husband?What choice would you have made in Daisys situation?What role does Daisy play in Gatsbys downfall?How is alcohol used in the novel?The novel is told from the perspective of a friend  Gatsby, why do you think the author chose Nick to tell the story?How does F. Scott Fitzgerald reveal character in The Great Gatsby?How is class depicted in the novel? What point is the author trying to make?What are some themes and symbols in The Great Gatsby?What does the green light represent?Why does the author call our attention to the ad for Doctor T.J.  Eckleburg optometry? What is the meaning of the vacan t eyes which watch the characters? Is Gatsby consistent in his actions? Why did he change his name? Do you ever find him fake (or contrived)? Is he a fully developed character?Do you consider Gatsby to be a self-made man? Is he a good portrayal of reaching the American Dream?Do you find the characters likable? Would you want to meet the characters?Did the novel end the way you expected?How essential is the setting? Could the story have taken place anywhere else? In any other time?What do you think the lavish parties at Gatsbys mansion were meant to represent? What is the author trying to say about American culture?What is the role of women in The Great Gatsby? Is love relevant? Are relationships meaningful?What did you think about Daisys assessment that women must be pretty but unintelligent if they want to be happy? What in her life led her to this conclusion?Why is The Great Gatsby controversial? Why has it been banned/challenged?How does religion figure into the novel? How would the novel be different if religion ( or spirituality) played a more prominent role in the text? How does The Great Gatsby relate to current society? How well did it represent the Jazz Age (society and literature at the time it was published)? Is the novel still relevant?Would you recommend The Great Gatsby to a friend?

Securing the Land Borders and the Coastal Waterways from International Research Paper

Securing the Land Borders and the Coastal Waterways from International Terrorism - Research Paper Example What is clear is that international terrorism is on the rise as many extremists continue to propagate their course. This may be economic, religious, political or even social (Schmid, 2008). The main strategy that will aid in reducing chances of terrorism is by securing the land and all water borders. This paper will look at the benefits that accrue from securing land borders and coastal waterways against international terrorism (Young, 2006). The act of terrorism is carefully articulated by a group of individuals who have targets, goals and objectives. This means that they will go to exceptional heights and extremes to accomplish their motives (Schmid, 2008). The land, water and sky, which represent the open space, are factors that work in favor of terrorist activities, if they are not tightly secured. It is crucial for each country to ensure that they have secured their land borders and their coastal waterways. Many countries have been caught in security breaches that have cost the country lives, destruction of property and the general attempt on the country’s sovereignty (Schmid, 2008). Land borders are secured by screening every person that uses the border as a means to travel from one area to the next. This is accompanied by any supporting document approved by law to represent eligibility of entrance (Young, 2006). Each and every person entering any said country by sea must be screened at the water way or harbor for purposes of screening and confirming their presence in the country, legally. The security of the sea and its ports is represented by the travel initiative that has been adopted in the country in question. In the US, any person entering the country using the sea must have certification that complies with the (WHTI). This is the Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative which is a representation of many other documents and certificates of travel (Schmid, 2008). It ensures that the person trying to enter the country using

Nosocomial Infections and Intervention Strategies Assignment

Nosocomial Infections and Intervention Strategies - Assignment Example This research will begin with the statement that Good Health Hospital has proved to be among the best hospitals in the region since its inception. The medical professionals and all members of staff are always committed to ensuring delivery of quality services to patients. The hospital has had a good reputation for excellent staff, good patient relations, and top quality services. In the recent past, several cases of E. coli have been reported at Good Health Hospital. E. coli exists in a variety of types but most varieties a less harmful to human health. Research by medical professionals has shown that E. coli bacteria live in the intestines, for both people and animals. Symptoms of E. coli infection include diarrhea, abdominal pain, and vomiting. E. coli emanates from taking contaminated food and water. E. coli may lead to death or permanent health problems if appropriate measures are taken on time. Nosocomial diseases can be termed as an infection that a person gets while attending to in a health institution. The goal of this task is to explore the nosocomial infections, intervention strategies, and recommendations on how to control and manage the various types of nosocomial infections. Records of Good Health Hospital show that a number of nosocomial diseases have been reported. Among the commonest nosocomial infections at Good Health Hospital includes surgical site infection, pneumonia infection, and unitary tract infection among others. It is crustal for medical professionals and other people involved in providing health care to understand the different types of nosocomial infections and how to prevent them. The period between 2009 and 2011 recorded about 10,000 cases of skin and soft-tissue infection. The people surveyed were African Americans, Native Americans, and Asian Americans. The patients included both males and females of the age between 5-18 years, 50-65 years and those above the age of 65 years.

A Transnational Corporation Influence on the World Economy Case Study

A Transnational Corporation Influence on the World Economy - Case Study Example Three major ways in which TNC's participate in the economic activities of the host country are through international trade, technology transfer and international (foreign direct) investment. These activities, both individually and collectively, have the potential impact host countries in different ways, and these ways depend on several variables. This paper will examine these internationalisation activities and discuss their impact on the economy of the countries involved, especially that of host countries. With the new advancements in transportation, information, communication and technology, international trade has become more prevalent over the past few decades, and especially this past one. Locally, international trade has changed the activities of the market. It has created the need for countries to produce more for export and encouraged a greater dependence on imports to fill gaps in local markets. In the past, international trade had been dictated by colonialism, but now things have been changing. New superpowers have arisen, and they have given birth to transnational corporations. ... However, the transnational corporations of developed countries have dominated the global economy. The trade agreements formulated among countries have usually rested heavily in favour of the developed countries. Several reasons have been proposed for this, but two stand out. Even in areas where developing countries have a comparative advantage, participation in the global markets has been limited because of market protection that still exists in both developed and other developing countries. The other reason is that the negotiating powers of developing countries are heavily restricted by tight budgets ("Market Access").

New Born Screening Act Essay Example for Free

New Born Screening Act Essay

Lives on the Boundary by Mike Rose Essay -- Education Boundary Mike Ro

Lives on the Boundary by Mike Rose The book Lives on the Boundary, written by Mike Rose, provides great insight to what the new teaching professional may anticipate in the classroom. This book may be used to inform a teacher’s philosophy and may render the teacher more effective. Lives on the Boundary is a first person account composed of eight chapters each of which treat a different obstacle faced by Mike Rose in his years as a student and as an educator. More specifically in chapters one through five Mike Rose focuses on his own personal struggles and achievements as a student. Ultimately the aim is to highlight the underpreparedness of some of today’s learners. First and most importantly Mike Rose writes the book in the first person. This provides an invaluable view to the actual thoughts and perceptions of a student who considered himself to be underprepared. Mike Rose begins his accounts in grammar school when he felt lost in the material. The teacher did not hold his attention and therefore he began to â€Å"daydream to avoid inadequacy† (Rose 19). Mike Rose does not describe himself as a nuisance, but as a student who was overlooked. This treatment was very a detriment to his education. â€Å"I would hide by slumping down in my seat and page through my reader, carried along by the flow of sentences in a story.† (Rose 19) He discusses the teachers’ inability to â€Å"engage the imaginations of us kids who were scuttling along at the bottom of the pond.† (Rose 26) This strategy combined poorly with the attitudes of other students who did not want to work hard, who just wanted to be average. (Rose 28) Mike Rose describes that mix of students and how it affected his own perception of education: â€Å"School can be a tremendously disorienting place†¦ You’ll also be thrown in with all kind of kids from all kind of backgrounds, and that can be unsettling†¦ You’ll see a handful of students far excel you in courses that sound exotic and that are only in the curriculum of the elite: French, physics, trigonometry. And all this is happening while you’re trying to shape an identity; your body is changing, and your emotions are running wild.† (Rose 28)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Without reading Mike Rose’s detailed descriptions of his experiences as a learner a perspective teacher may never suspect that the quiet student in the class is daydreaming to avoid the material that he/she does n... ...ild, when he would hide and daydream, up until his first years of college, when he would avoid areas that were difficult, the author recognized that there was important link between challenging the student on a meaningful level and the degree to which the student eventually produced. â€Å"I felt stupid telling them I was†¦ well – stupid.† (Rose 43) Here, Rose shows an example of how poor preparation and low standards in the classroom can make a student feel inadequate. Indeed, one can see how many things seemingly unrelated do affect a student’s ability to learn. Reading Mike Rose’s book Lives on the Boundary one can benefit from his efforts as a student and educator. It is a tool that can be used to motivate teachers to produce interesting lesson plans and to be aware of their students in all aspects. The book provides concrete examples of good and bad teaching all related through the author’s personal history. Finally, the book-as an account of one man’s personal struggle – reflects on the inner psyche of the marginal student and prompts the reader to be more attentive to each and every learner. Work Cited Rose, Mike. Lives on The Boundary. New York, NY: Penquin Books. 1989 Lives on the Boundary by Mike Rose Essay -- Education Boundary Mike Ro Lives on the Boundary by Mike Rose The book Lives on the Boundary, written by Mike Rose, provides great insight to what the new teaching professional may anticipate in the classroom. This book may be used to inform a teacher’s philosophy and may render the teacher more effective. Lives on the Boundary is a first person account composed of eight chapters each of which treat a different obstacle faced by Mike Rose in his years as a student and as an educator. More specifically in chapters one through five Mike Rose focuses on his own personal struggles and achievements as a student. Ultimately the aim is to highlight the underpreparedness of some of today’s learners. First and most importantly Mike Rose writes the book in the first person. This provides an invaluable view to the actual thoughts and perceptions of a student who considered himself to be underprepared. Mike Rose begins his accounts in grammar school when he felt lost in the material. The teacher did not hold his attention and therefore he began to â€Å"daydream to avoid inadequacy† (Rose 19). Mike Rose does not describe himself as a nuisance, but as a student who was overlooked. This treatment was very a detriment to his education. â€Å"I would hide by slumping down in my seat and page through my reader, carried along by the flow of sentences in a story.† (Rose 19) He discusses the teachers’ inability to â€Å"engage the imaginations of us kids who were scuttling along at the bottom of the pond.† (Rose 26) This strategy combined poorly with the attitudes of other students who did not want to work hard, who just wanted to be average. (Rose 28) Mike Rose describes that mix of students and how it affected his own perception of education: â€Å"School can be a tremendously disorienting place†¦ You’ll also be thrown in with all kind of kids from all kind of backgrounds, and that can be unsettling†¦ You’ll see a handful of students far excel you in courses that sound exotic and that are only in the curriculum of the elite: French, physics, trigonometry. And all this is happening while you’re trying to shape an identity; your body is changing, and your emotions are running wild.† (Rose 28)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Without reading Mike Rose’s detailed descriptions of his experiences as a learner a perspective teacher may never suspect that the quiet student in the class is daydreaming to avoid the material that he/she does n... ...ild, when he would hide and daydream, up until his first years of college, when he would avoid areas that were difficult, the author recognized that there was important link between challenging the student on a meaningful level and the degree to which the student eventually produced. â€Å"I felt stupid telling them I was†¦ well – stupid.† (Rose 43) Here, Rose shows an example of how poor preparation and low standards in the classroom can make a student feel inadequate. Indeed, one can see how many things seemingly unrelated do affect a student’s ability to learn. Reading Mike Rose’s book Lives on the Boundary one can benefit from his efforts as a student and educator. It is a tool that can be used to motivate teachers to produce interesting lesson plans and to be aware of their students in all aspects. The book provides concrete examples of good and bad teaching all related through the author’s personal history. Finally, the book-as an account of one man’s personal struggle – reflects on the inner psyche of the marginal student and prompts the reader to be more attentive to each and every learner. Work Cited Rose, Mike. Lives on The Boundary. New York, NY: Penquin Books. 1989

Police Training Essay

Nowadays professional training is paid more attention as it is one of the best ways to increase job commitment and enhance performance. I think that all police officers should have free access to formal and informal courses, seminars devoted to violent death investigation, interrelations, and criminal laws. The training programs should cover also the principle of supervision and civil liability. Training plays crucial role in today’s police work because training ensures not only organizational efficiency, but also increases effectiveness and productivity of all police departments. It goes without saying that it is hardly possible to except effective work from untrained police officers. Moreover, community doesn’t feel safe if they realize that their police officers aren’t skillful and experienced enough to defend them when necessary. Nevertheless, state funding isn’t enough to solve training dilemma because of lack of money assigned to support training programs. Without money and proper funding it would be difficult to solve the problem. The purpose of training is to promote occupational and professional development of police department through specialized job-related programs. Nevertheless, training differs significantly from education because training is so-called study in the process. Education provides only theoretical background of the particular situations, whereas training develops practical skills and acquirements in real situations. However, I think that training is the second step after education as the officer should firstly realize the aspects of actions and only then should master his skills. Harry More defines training as â€Å"something like an inchoate crime†. He means that training is continuous process and can’t be ever fully accomplished. Training is always a process. Education provides knowledge and training applies it to specific situations. The goals of trainings are: To improve police officer’s performances and job commitment; To develop the sense of responsibility in police officers. It is necessary to underline that training is designed to help individuals to cope better with challenging duties and responsibilities. Simply saying, training helps to perform job better. Training is claimed to be unique because it suggests unity within particular organization. According to More and Miller, modern police training is based on the following philosophical foundations: Positive action is ensured when accompanied by acquired skills and motivation; Learning process depends not only motivation and personal abilities, but also on the instructional methods, behavior of the trainers and the climate within department; Training is considered tripartite responsibility; Training is continuous process requiring constant updating of skills and knowledge. Finally, it is important to document all formal and informal training because it helps to identify what type of training is actually needed. Documenting is defined as task analysis aimed at ensuring the relevance of training. While documenting it becomes possible to identify the tasks performed by the person who holds the position. Also documenting ensures easy assessment of training programs. Tasks analysis helps police officers to determine whether the training program is professional enough to provide skills and knowledge required for particular job. In conclusion it is necessary to note that training develops the following professional skills in police officers: interpersonal communication skills, perception and awareness, decision-making ad critical thinking, adaptability and definitiveness, oral and written communication skills.

Pepe jeans Essay

The company maintains contact with its independent retailers via group of 10 agents and each agent is responsible for retailers in a particular area of the country. Pepe is convinced that a good relationship with the independent retailers is vital to its success. Pepe’s requirement to place firm orders six months in advance with no possibility amendments, cancellation, or repeat ordering. Some claimed that the inflexible order system forced them to order less, resulting in stock outs. Pepe felt that a change was going to be needed soon. The easiest solution would be work with the Hong Kong sourcing agent to reduce the lead time associated with orders but this was going to increase the cost significantly. Even with the significant increase in cost, consistent delivery schedules would be difficult to keep. Another suggestion was to build a finishing operation in United Kingdom. Pepe was interested to see how system worked at U. S. operations. They found that they would have to keep about six weeks’ supply of basic jeans on hand in the United Kingdom and they have to invest ? 1,000,000 worth of equipment. They also estimated that it would cost about ? 500,000 to operate the facility each year. They could locate the facility in the basement of current office building, and the renovations would cost ? 300,000.

Noncompliance in Patients essays

Noncompliance in Patients essays The advances in medical science now allow people to live longer than ever before. With the treatments and medications available people who used to only live a few months with chronic illness are now living for years and within those years having active lives. It is an amazing breakthrough and one that promises to keep moving forward however, with those advances come some issues. One of the things that health professionals are dealing with is the problem with non compliant patients with regard to taking medications as directed. Non compliant patients are that way for many reasons. Sometimes they are non compliant because they start to feel a little better and believe they no longer need the medication. This can be a common issue among the mentally ill and is a significant issue with diagnosed schizophrenics. Other times patients may be non compliant because the medications they are supposed to take have side effects that they do not want to deal with. Whether the medication causes ext reme fatigue, nausea, dizziness or other physical manifestations many patients believe the side effects are not worth the potential benefits of the medication and stop taking the medication. In other instances noncompliance may come from a misguided decision by the patient to try and hasten their own death so they will not be a burden on their family and in still other cases noncompliance may just be forgetfulness or lack of maturity and responsibility on the part of the patient. Whatever reason there is for a patients noncompliance it is important for the health care professionals to work with the patient and if needed intervene so that the medication will be properly administered to the patient. This is not only for the safety and well being of the patient but in cases such as Tuberculosis it also becomes a public safety factor. In looking at the issue of non compliant patients one can examine the drug AdvancePCS which is a drug commonly prescri...

Botulinum toxin essays

Botulinum toxin essays Botulinum Toxin: A Killer and a Healer How can the worlds dangerous substance be a persons healer? Highlight 11.1, Botulinum Toxin: A Killer and a Healer, describes this two-faced toxin produced by the bacteria Clostridium botulinum that may help a person with muscle problems and yet threat the whole world with only one gram of botulinum toxin. This bacteria, C. botulinum, also meaning, sausage in Latin is an anaerobic, endospore-forming, Gram positive bacillus that is common in soil and water worldwide. Clostridia are rod-shaped, but when producing spores they appear more like drumsticks with a bulge at one end. The vegetative cells are the yellow drumsticks, and the spores are the light-blue ovals within the yellow cells (as seen on the picture above). Its endospores that survive improper canning of food, germinating to produce vegetative cells that grow and release into the jar or can a powerful neurotoxin, (Vangelova, 1) that can cause botulism when toxin enters the body. Different strains of botulinum produces one of seven antigenically distinct botulism toxins ( A through G). The good thing is that this toxin is not contagious but can be easily acquired. There are three types of botulinum toxin that can be obtained through food-borne, wound, or an infant. But it is also being used in the medical field to suppress many diseases. Botulinum toxin can be obtained through food-borne. As Vangelova stated, One of the most common culprits in food-borne botulism is home-canned food, especially vegetables such as asparagus, green beans, and peppers. More than 90 percent of food-borne botulism outbreaks between 1976 and 1985 were due to home-processed foods, describing how these endospores can germinate vegetative cells and cause great damage. One basic recommendation was to cook food to be canned in pressure cookers because they can maintain temperatures high enough (abo...

Hyphenating More + Adjective

Hyphenating More + Adjective Hyphenating More + Adjective Hyphenating More + Adjective By Maeve Maddox A reader questions the standard advice that the adverb more should not be linked to an adjective by a hyphen: I find that most style guides do not favor hyphenating phrases starting with more (e.g., more honest). I find the following phrase in the manuscript that I am currently editing: â€Å"more explicit predictions.† This could mean predictions that are more explicit or more predictions that are explicit. From the context, I believe the author means the former. For clarity, shouldnt this be hyphenated as more-explicit predictions? Most style guides do advise against linking more to an adjective with a hyphen, but most also recognize that sometimes a hyphen may be necessary for clarity. For example, The Chicago Manual of Style prefers â€Å"a spare hyphenation style.† The guide provides numerous examples, but recognizes that writers will encounter punctuation puzzles for which they can find no examples or analogies. In that case, CMOS gives this common sense advice: if no suitable example or analogy can be found either in this section [7.85] or in the dictionary, hyphenate only if doing so will aid readability. Adding a hyphen is a quick solution, but not the only one. Another option is to rewrite the sentence with a qualifying clause: There is a need for predictions that are more explicit. The reader who posed the question rejects the clause solution as â€Å"rather stilted.† It does require more words, but calling it stilted is a matter of opinion. I see it as a practical solution. Another way to avoid ambiguity with more is to use a different word. Here are some synonyms for more: additional further added extra increased new other supplementary These words may or may not be appropriate substitutes for more in a specific context. Sometimes the only way to avoid ambiguity is to take the time to rethink the sentence. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Style category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:20 Computer Terms You Should KnowFlier vs. Flyer5 Keys to Better Sentence Flow

U.S History 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

U.S History 1 - Essay Example After Columbus’ discovery of the New World, the entry of the wide variety of globally acclaimed luxury commodities in the European markets through the sea route stopped the earlier market of the luxury goods that was prevailing. The pre-existing German and Italian trading powers were ousted by the Atlantic trade. There had been social changes in the European luxury markets as the new luxury items like chinaware, silk, spices and sugar made their entry. During the Age of Discovery, Western Europe has been had become the Economic Center for the European Union shifting from the Mediterranean. At that time the city of Antwerp, which was a part of Duchy of Barabant, was considered to be Europe’s richest city and also center of the international economy. During the Age of Discovery, the religious sentiments, gave rise to the discoveries at this age. It was seen that while the Islamic community was expanding its horizon, the Western Christendom was getting destroyed. European Union became vulnerable and they feared to be attacked by infidel East. It was also agreed and known by the Europeans that the Far East was highly rich and luxurious. If we take a deeper look into these discoveries, we find the similarities with the Crusaders prevailed during the 12th and 13th centuries. The main effort in spreading the belief of Christianity among the New World residents was mainly started by the Catholic Church during the Age of Discovery. The Catholic Church also took the initiative of converting the indigenous people as well as the Native Americans. Portugal, France and Spain were the three countries that put the colonial efforts in forming the European powers, majority of which was the missionary effort and gave a partial justification for the same. Catholic nations’ colonial efforts and indigenous people’s Christian Mission ran in parallel. Moreover, Dominicans, Jesuits, Franciscans

Various Methods of Electricity Production Term Paper

Various Methods of Electricity Production - Term Paper Example The pattern of production remains the same for almost all the forms of electricity production. One of the major sources of electricity production which is not environmentally friendly is through coal power plants. (1) Solar and Wind power have low environmental impact, low cost involved and this can be a viable option in rural areas. Solar, hydro and nuclear power are the best options for industrial and rural areas. The start up costs is marginally higher than the traditional methods but the long term benefits are better. (2) The Earth’s resources are not depleted if electricity is produced from the sunlight as solar energy is a renewable source of energy. There are 2 ways of producing solar energy from the sun: photovoltaic and solar thermal technologies. (3) 30% of the photon energy that comes in contact with the AE resource is being converted into energy in a photovoltaic cell. Silicon will be formed with the help of poly crystalline and the photovoltaic cells. Chemical reactions release electrons when they get in contact with PV cell is in contact with the sunlight. The current produced by these cells are placed in a module which helps in producing huge quantity of power for residential houses and industries. This source of electricity production has higher manufacturing costs in producing solar energy but in the recent times, the construction of photovoltaic has been made cheaper. (3) Another traditional way of producing electricity is to use reflectors and concentrate the sunlight to heat gaseous hydrogen, helium, oil to produce pressurized steam which helps in rotating the turbine and producing electricity. Many residential houses have these central receiver systems with mirrors that reflect sunlight on a large place filled with the fluid which helps in producing energy. (3) Nelson (2001) emphasises that the organic compounds used in the solar cells can be made out of inorganic compounds which will